Pituitary

The pituitary gland is a small gland located in a bony cavity (or "Turkish saddle") at the base of the brain, exactly on the midline, behind the two eye sockets and thus behind the nose, at the junction of the optic nerves. The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus and secretes (by order of the hypothalamus) all kinds of stimulating hormones. Stimulating hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis), which regulate the functioning of the adrenal, thyroid and gonads. Prolactin can also be released: this is especially released during pregnancy and lactation. The pituitary gland (= neurohypophysis) provides for the release of vasopressin (regulating water balance) and oxytocin (regulating partus/birth and lactation).

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